Specifies the shape factor, Df for pipe zone embedment material and compaction. The software requires a value for Df to calculate the ring bending stress. If you do not define Df, the software uses the default value of 8.0.
Use the following values for Df, as defined by AWWA-M45, third edition, 2014.
|
Gravel 1 |
Sand 2 |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dumped to Slight 3 |
Moderate to High 4 |
Dumped to Slight 3 |
Moderate to High 4 |
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psi |
kPa |
Shape Factor, Df |
||||
9 |
62 |
5.5 |
7.0 |
6.0 |
8.0 |
|
18 |
124 |
4.5 |
5.5 |
5.0 |
6.5 |
|
36 |
248 |
3.8 |
4.5 |
4.0 |
5.5 |
|
72 |
496 |
3.3 |
3.8 |
3.5 |
4.5 |
|
1 |
GW, GP, GW-GC, GW-GM, GP-GC, and GP-GM per ASTM D2487 (includes crushed rock) |
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2 |
SW, SP, SM, SC, GM, and GC or mixtures per ASTM D2487 |
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3 |
<85% Proctor density (ASTM D698), <40% relative density (ASTM D4253 and D4254) |
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4 |
³85% Proctor density (ASTM D698), ³40% relative density (ASTM D4253 and D4254) |