Before you begin the actual upgrade procedure, you must perform a database backup. The backup procedure most appropriate for your situation depends on your environment, database configuration, and the upgrade path you choose. The steps described in this section should be regarded as recommendations to achieve a secure backup. If you have questions, do not hesitate to refer to the Oracle Server Administrator's.
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Open a Command Prompt window as administrator.
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Set the following Oracle parameters (replace <ORACLE_HOME> with the path of your Oracle home directory and <SID> with your Oracle database ID)
Set oracle_home=<ORACLE_HOME>
Set oracle_sid=<SID>
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Perform the following commands to shutdown and startup your database:
sqlplus /nolog
conn sys/<sys_password> as sysdba
Shutdown immediate
conn sys/<sys_password>@<SID> as sysdba
Startup
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Create a directory into the database with this command:
Example:
create directory dpump as 'D:\tmp';
This directory must exist on the file system.
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Now, set the rights with this command:
Grant read,write on directory dpump to system;
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Open a Command Prompt window as an administrator.
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Set the oracle home of your database, for example:
set ORACLE_HOME= c:\oracle12c\ora12c_201_x_Sta
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Set nls_lang value:
set NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8
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Perform a full database export with the Oracle expdp tool (replace <system_pw> with the password of system user, and SID with the name (sid) of your database):
expdp system/<system_pw>@SID full=Y directory=dpump dumpfile=SID.dmp logfile=expdpSID.log
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Shut down the database.
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Perform a full cold backup, using redundant backup media (that is, do not use the same tape or hard disk that contains the export dump file created during the upgrade). Be sure to include all data files, all control file mirrors, all archived and online redo log files, and the instance initialization files.
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Store all backup media in a safe place.